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Description: Recently, NIH successfully implemented the most sweeping enhancements to the peer review process in its 60-year history. These new changes were implemented during the June cycle of reviews and affect all new grant applications. The stated aim is “fund the best science, by the best scientists, with the least administrative burden”. As chair of a study section, Dr. Stelmach participated in the assessment effort and helped implement these changes during the June 2009 review meeting. Among the key changes to be discussed are the new 1-9 scoring system, efforts to structure reviewer critiques, the greater emphasis on scientific/clinical impact, and the rationale for shortening grant applications and reducing the number of resubmissions allowed. A regular NIH review panel member over the last 30 years, Dr. Stelmach is a charter member of the NIH Motor Function Speech and Rehabilitation Study Section (MFSR) for the last four years and has served as the Chair for the last two.